Ceremonial "Tachi" used by the Owari Tokugawa Clan, 17th century
(Tokugawa Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan)
Do you know that there are several different types of swords in Japan?
The development of swords in Japan in shape, design and function reflected the needs of the respective time in which they were used.
Once called the "Tachi 太刀" with its blade exceeding 60cm in length, the sword was worn hanging from the hip with the cutting-edge facing down as it was easier to handle on horseback. Indeed, the "Tachi" was born in the time when Samurai fought against his enemy on horseback (11th century). In those days Samurai's chief concern was to behead a particular rival, and that was how he was rewarded and promoted.
The 16th century, however, brought Japan an epoch-making change in its military system. This was caused by the introduction of firearms from the West. As firearms spread across the country, Samurai faced the need of developing a new military strategy. Thus, the time came when foot soldiers called Ashigaru (足軽) carrying guns were employed and placed in the front and the cavalrymen in the rear with the "Katana 刀". The "Katana" also had a blade exceeding 60cm in length, but unlike "Tachi" it was worn thrust through the belt with the cutting edge facing up.
When the country was unified in the 17th century, the sword in Japan lost its primary importance as weapon. Instead, it attained a more symbolic meaning and was reduced to the status of ceremonial weapons.
The Sword, elaborate handmade masterpieces of Japan, with its aesthetic beauty reflecting the Bushido (武士道 The Soul of Chivalry) can be seen in many museums throughout Japan, including the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo.
